index

Scaling & System Design: Horizontal Scaling, Vertical Scaling, Scalable System, Distributed System, System Layers
Architecture Patterns: Microservices Architecture, Master–Slave Architecture, Monolithic
System Behavior & Reliability: System Behavior, Bottlenecks, Resilient Systems, Tradeoffs
Load Balancing Methods: Load Balancing, Round Robin, Weighted Round Robin, Least Connections, Least Response Time, Least Bandwidth, IP Hash, Redundant Load Balancers, harwdware and software load balancers, Health Checks, consistent hashing
Traffic & Network Metrics: Traffic Management, Network Calls, Bandwidth, Throughput, Network Load

Database Types & Models: SQL Databases (MySQL, Postgres, Oracle, SQL Server, SQLite, MariaDB), NoSQL Databases, Key–Value Stores, Document Databases, Wide-Column Databases, Graph Databases, SQL vs NoSQL Scalability, Dynamic Schema
Data Integrity & Consistency: ACID Compliance, BASE Compliance, Consistency Models, Concurrency Control (MVCC, Locking), Normalization(1nf, 2nf, 3nf) and Denormalization, Referential Integrity, Idempotency
Performance & Optimization: Database Performance, Query Optimization, Random Lookups, Connection Pools, Tables, Rows, Columns
Replication & Distribution: Database Replication, Distributed Databases, Metadata Database, Backup and Recovery, Data Migration Techniques, Sharding, Range-Based Partitioning, Rebalancing, CDC
CAP & Tradeoffs: CAP Theorem
write ahead log, change data capture, split brain problem, write apmplification problem,

Partitioning & Sharding: Data Partitioning, Horizontal Partitioning (Sharding), Vertical Partitioning, Directory-Based Partitioning, Range-Based Searches, Cross-Partition Queries
Replication & Redundancy: Replication, Synchronous Replication, Asynchronous Replication, Eventual Consistency, Redundancy, Replica, Backup
Data Modeling & Structure: Schemas, Joins, Normalization, Denormalization, ACID Compliance, Transactions, Referential Integrity, Data Modeling, Data Deduplication, Inconsistency
Performance & Storage: Read/Write Throughput (Reads per second, Writes per second), Database Caching, SSD vs HDD (when to use), Storage, Distributed File Storage System, Lookup Service, Hash Function, Hash Tables, Reed–Solomon Encoding
Metadata & Queries: Metadata Queries

Caching Systems & Types: Caching, In-Memory Caches (Redis, Memcached), Global Cache, Distributed Caches, Cache Misses, application and database caching
Cache Strategies & Policies: Cache Invalidation, Cache Eviction Policies (FIFO, LIFO, LRU, MRU, LFU, Random), Write-Through Cache, Write-Around Cache, Write-Back Cache

Network Structure & Routing: Network Topology, Routing, IP Address, DNS, Port, Network Failure, Locality of Reference
Protocols & Connections: Communication Protocols, TCP Connections, WebSocket Handshake, HTTP Long Polling, AJAX Polling, Server-Sent Events, Full-Duplex Communication, Webhooks
Caching & Performance: Caching
Proxy & Security: Proxy Server, Anonymous Proxy, Transparent Proxy, Reverse Proxy
Monitoring: Health Checks

Server Types & Roles: Web Server, Application Server, Database Server, Cache Server, Proxy/Reverse Proxy Server, Synchronization Server, Metadata Server, Block Server, push notification server, message broker server
Server Operations & Health: Downtime, Services, Server Load, Server Pool, Healthy Servers, Server Instances, System Administrators
Clusters & Load Balancing: Cluster, Cluster Manager, Zookeeper (Leader Election / Cluster Management), Hardware Load Balancers, Software Load Balancers, Internal Platform Layer

Compute & Storage: CPU, RAM, Storage, Machines, Nodes, Local Storage, Cloud Storage, Amazon S3, IOPS, Processing Capacity, capacity and bandwidh estimate
Redundancy & Fault Tolerance: Hardware and Software Redundancy, Single Point of Failure, Virtual Replicas
Networking & Distribution: Network Bandwidth, Global Request Queue, Message Queues, CDN, Edge Computing
Data Structures & Metadata: Linked Hash Map, Metadata Objects
Monitoring & Health: System Health Monitoring

Security & Access: CORS
Search & Data Retrieval: Full-Text Search, Elastic Search, Inverted Index
Testing & Quality: Performance Testing, Unit Testing, End-to-End Testing, Dependency Management
Performance Metrics: Latency, Response Time, Requests per Second
Concurrency & Parallelism: Multi-threading, Parallel Algorithms, Abstraction Layers
Reliability & Fault Tolerance: Fault Tolerance

System Architecture & Design: Cloud Computing, System Design, Platform, Detailed Component Design, Open-Ended Design Problems, Data Source Abstraction, DBMS
Concurrency & Threading: Concurrency, Threads, Deadlocks, Starvation, Parallel Algorithms, Scheduling (Cron Jobs / Task Scheduling), IPC
Logging & Metrics: Logging, Log Management, Metrics, Metrics Computation, Analytics
File & Storage Systems: File Systems, Node-Local Storage Awareness, Range-Based Partitioning
Availability, Reliability & Performance: Availability, Reliability, Read-heavy vs Write-heavy System Design, Data Read/Write per Second Metrics
APIs & Services: APIs, API Developer Keys, SOAP, Service Partitioning, Application Caching, Smart Clients, Requests, Pool, Websites
Distributed Systems Concepts: Distributed Hash Table (DHT), Data Duplicates Handling
pub-sub mechanism, redis (for real time), kafka (large scale, event driven), Rabbimq(for small apps)

Consistency & Consensus: Quorum, Read Repair, Hinted Handoff, Split Brain, Lease, Paxos/PACELC Theorem
Failure Detection & Health Monitoring: Heartbeat, Phi Accrual Failure Detection, Fencing, High Water Mark
Data Structures & Integrity: Bloom Filters, Checksums, Merkle Trees, Vector Clocks, Write-Ahead Log, Segmented Log